Technological variables predictors of academic stress in nursing students in times of COVID-19

Objective: to analyze which technological variables, derived from the use of electronic devices, predict academic stress and its dimensions in Nursing students. Method: analytical cross-sectional study carried out with a total of 796 students from six universities in Peru. The SISCO scale was used and four logistic regression models were estimated for the analysis, with selection of variables in stages. Results: among the participants, 87.6% had a high level of academic stress;time using the electronic device, screen brightness, age and sex were associated with academic stress and its three dimensions;the position of using the electronic device was associated with the total scale and the stressors and reactions dimensions. Finally, the distance between the face and the electronic device was associated with the total scale and size of reactions. Conclusion: technological variables and sociodemographic characteristics predict academic stress in nursing students. It is suggested to optimize the time of use of computers, regulate the brightness of the screen, avoid sitting in inappropriate positions and pay attention to the distance, in order to reduce academic stress during distance learning.

Challenges for exercising health advocacy to hospitalized children during the COVID-19 pandemic

Objective: To analyze the challenges for exercising health advocacy to hospitalized children during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: This is an online descriptive-exploratory qualitative study. Participants were 28 nursing professionals enrolled in the subject Nursing in Health Care for Children and Adolescents in a graduate program at a federal university in northeastern Brazil. Data collection took place in June 2021 through a conversation wheel and press conference. As instruments, we used Google forms and a semi-structured script. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee. As an analysis method, Discursive Textual Analysis (DTA) was used. For data organization, Atlas.ti 8.4.15 software (Qualitative Research and Solutions) was used.Results: Two categories emerged: 1) Impacts of the pandemic on pediatric care and advocacy: child isolation and a health care scenario where children were placed in the background were observed. 2) Existing barriers that worsened with the health crisis: work overload, precarious structure and difficulty in working conditions were identified, which led to violations of children's rights and aggravated the overview of difficulties in the provision of pediatric services.Conclusion: The challenges for exercising health advocacy for hospitalized children during the pandemic, evidenced by the impacts and barriers to care, have expanded health teams' work, making the exercise of advocacy in pediatric care even more difficult. It is necessary to rethink and adjust access and care policies after the pandemic to ensure that child care is not restricted.

Lung ultrasound in the diagnosis of serious lesions caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus

Introduction: Lung ultrasound is a technique that provides very useful information in the diagnostic approach of patients with SARS-CoV-2 virus infection. The infiltrations detected in the pulmonary ultrasound may suggest pulmonary edema, infarction or lobar pneumonia, which offers high availability and the possibility of evaluating the patient in situ. A search was carried out in the engines: Google Scholar, National Library of Medicine PudMed, SciELO regional since 2019. The search strategy used the terms: pulmonary ultrasound / technique, diagnostic methods, pathological findings. In the bibliographic search carried out, 24 articles were found related to pathological findings in lung ultrasound and the diagnostic value of lung lesions. Objective: To describe the fundamental findings of lung ultrasound in the diagnosis of serious lesions caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Development: Studies reported similar precision of lung ultrasound compared to chest tomography in detecting lung abnormalities, their relationship to severity status, and risk stratification in critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions: Ultrasound allows a constant and non-invasive evaluation of lung lesions caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, allows a correct identification of the severity and its evolution. It is a diagnostic method that reduces the risk of exposure to ionizing radiation, increasing safety for critically ill patients. © 2023, Editorial Ciencias Medicas. All rights reserved.

First isolation and characterization of the prototype strain of the SARSCoV-2 virus at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru

Introduction: Currently, isolated from SARS-CoV-2 virus exceed 600 million cases in the world. Objective(s): Isolation and characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 virus causing COVID-19 at the beginning of the pandemic in Peru. Method(s): Twenty nasal and pharyngeal swab samples were isolated from SARS-CoV-2 using two cell lines, Vero ATCC CCL-81 and Vero E-6;virus identification was performed by RT-PCR and the onset of cytopathic effect (CPE) was evaluated by indirect immunofluorescence and subsequent identification by genomic sequencing. One of the most widely circulating isolates were selected and named the prototype strain (PE/B.1.1/28549/2020). Then 10 successive passages were performed on Vero ATCC CCL-81 cells to assess mutation dynamics. Result(s): Results detected 11 virus isolates by cytopathic effect, and subsequently confirmed by RT-PCR and indirect immunofluorescence. Of these, six were sequenced and identified as the lineages B.1, B.1.1, B.1.1.1, and B.1.205 according to the Pango lineage nomenclature. The prototype strain corresponded to lineage B.1.1. The analysis of the strains from the successive passages showed mutations mainly at in the spike (S) protein of the virus without variation in the identity of the lineage. Conclusion(s): Four lineages were isolated in the Vero ATCC CCL-81 cell line. Subcultures in the same cell line showed mutations in the spike protein indicating greater adaptability to the host cell and variation in pathogenicity in vitro, a behavior that allows it to have more survival success.Copyright © 2023 Anales de la Facultad de Medicina. All rights reserved.

Factors associated with the SARS-CoV-2 infection among health professionals from university hospitals

Objective: to investigate factors associated with the SARS-CoV-2 infection among health professionals from university hospitals. Method: a multicenter, mixed approach study with concomitant incorporated strategy, carried out with 559 professionals in the quantitative stage, and 599 in the qualitative stage. Four data collection instruments were used, applied by means of an electronic form. The quantitative analysis was performed with descriptive and inferential statistics and the qualitative data were processed by means of content analysis. Results: the factors associated with the infection were as follows: performance of the RT-PCR test (p<0.001) and units offering care to COVID-19 patients (p=0.028). Having symptoms increased 5.63 times the prevalence of infection and adhering to social distancing most of the time in private life reduced it by 53.9%. The qualitative data evidenced difficulties faced by the professionals: scarcity and low quality of Personal Protective Equipment, work overload, physical distancing at work, inadequate processes and routines and lack of a mass screening and testing policy. Conclusion: the factors associated with the SARS-CoV-2 infection among health professionals were mostly related to occupational issues.

Work context and clinical manifestations of COVID-19 in health professionals

To analyze associations between work context and clinical manifestations of COVID-19 in health professionals. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, with health professionals from the northeast of Brazil, from the medical, nursing and physiotherapy categories from different areas of expertise. A Google Forms questionnaire was sent through social networks, gathering demographic, academic, work context, clinical manifestations and data related to testing for COVID-19 (the test performed was not specified) and whether the result confirmed infection active or presence of antibodies (categorized as positive). Pearson's chi-square test and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis were performed, with Wald's chi-square test, considering p-value <0.05, Odds Ratio and 95% confidence interval. Results: A total of 1,354 professionals agreed to participate in the study. Of these, 324 reported a positive test for COVID-19, with a prevalence of 23.9% (324/1,354). There was a statistical association between symptom onset and positive result (p=0.000). The work context characteristics related to the number of jobs, practice setting, contact with critically ill patients and employment in the capital were the independent variables associated with a positive result for COVID-19 (p<0.05). It was identified that 54.8% of the dependent variable can be related to the work sector, number of jobs, fever, loss of smell and taste. Conclusion: Health professionals from urban centers, hospitals, critical care units and those with more than one job are more affected by COVID-19, with the positive test result being closely related to the symptoms of fever, loss of smell and taste that are characteristic of the illness. © 2022 Departamento de Enfermagem/Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo. All rights reserved.

Les expériences de gain-de-fonction des virus pathogènes émergents1

Résumé Dans la nature, des virus adaptés à la transmission circulent dans les espèces animales (chauves-souris, oiseaux, rongeurs, primates, etc.). Le franchissement de la barrière des espèces peut se faire par contamination d'autres espèces animales, dont l'homme. Des manipulations génétiques ont été réalisées sur des virus sauvages pour faciliter le passage interespèces et augmenter la virulence virale. Le but était d'identifier les gènes critiques pour la pathogénicité. Ces manipulations ont été réalisées sur des agents pathogènes potentiellement épidémiques, comme Myxovirus influenzae de la grippe aviaire et les coronavirus des épidémies de SRAS et de MERS. Ces expériences dangereuses ont fait l'objet d'un moratoire aux États-Unis (2014-2017). Trois ans après l'émergence du Covid-19, l'origine du SARS-CoV2 d'emblée très contagieux reste un mystère. Il existe deux scénarios pour expliquer son émergence. Les partisans de l'origine naturelle avancent que le virus de la chauve-souris aurait pu infecter directement l'homme, se propageant silencieusement à un faible niveau chez l'homme pendant des années, sans éliminer l'existence d'hôtes intermédiaires non détectés. Cela n'explique pas l'origine à Wuhan, loin des réservoirs naturels de virus. Le site furin serait apparu spontanément à partir d'autres coronavirus. Le scénario alternatif est celui d'un accident de laboratoire à Wuhan, après des expériences de gain-de-fonction à partir d'un SARS-like CoV, voire même la survenue d'une contamination humaine par un virus CoV sauvage recuilli sur le terrain, lors de cultures cellulaires ou des tests sur les animaux à Wuhan. Summary In nature, viruses are well-adapted to transmission in wild animal species (bats, birds, rodents, primates...). The crossing of the species barrier can be done by contamination of other animal species, including humans. Genetic manipulations have been carried out on wild viruses to facilitate interspecies passage and increase viral virulence. The aim was to identify genes critical for pathogenicity. These manipulations have been performed on potentially epidemic pathogens, such as Myxovirus influenzae from avian influenza and coronaviruses from the SARS and MERS epidemics. These dangerous experiments were placed under a moratorium in the United States (2014-2017). Three years after the emergence of Covid-19, the origin of the highly contagious SARS-CoV2 remains a mystery. There are two scenarios to explain its emergence. Proponents of the natural origin argue that the bat virus could have directly infected humans, spreading silently at a low level in humans for years, without eliminating the possibility of undetected intermediate hosts. The furin site would have appeared spontaneously from other coronaviruses. However, this does not explain the specific origin in Wuhan, far from natural virus reservoirs. The alternative scenario is that of a laboratory accident in Wuhan, after gain-of-function experiments with an SARS-like CoV, or even the occurrence of human contamination by a wild CoV virus collected in the field, during cell cultures or animal tests in Wuhan.

Minor psychiatric disorders among nursing workers during the pandemic: a multicenter study / Distúrbios psíquicos menores entre trabalhadores de enfermagem durante a pandemia: estudo multicêntrico / Disturbios psíquicos menores en trabajadores de enfermería durante la pandemia: estudio multicéntrico

Resumo Objetivo Analisar os fatores associados à presença de Distúrbios Psíquicos Menores entre trabalhadores de enfermagem que atuam na pandemia da COVID-19. Métodos Estudo transversal multicêntrico, realizado em quatro instituições hospitalares, no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, com 845 trabalhadores de enfermagem. Utilizou-se um formulário eletrônico composto por questões sociodemográficas, laborais, de condições de saúde e pelo Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20. Aplicaram-se testes de Mann-Whitney, Qui-Quadrado e Regressão de Poisson expressa na Razão de Prevalência (IC 95%). Resultados A prevalência de Distúrbios Psíquicos Menores (49,3%) foi associada ao aumento do consumo de álcool (RP = 1,2; IC95% = 1,1-1,4), não praticar atividade física (RP = 1,5; IC95% = 1,3-1,8), iniciar o uso de medicação na pandemia (RP = 1,5; IC95% = 1,3-1,7), não possuir um turno de trabalho fixo (RP = 1,4; IC95% = 1,1-1,9) e sentir medo frente à exposição ao risco de contaminação (RP = 1,2; IC95% = 1,1-1,3) Conclusão Na atual pandemia, os Distúrbios Psíquicos Menores mostram-se associados ao consumo de bebida alcoólica, falta de atividade física, uso de medicamento, turno de trabalho e medo de contaminar-se.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar los factores asociados con la presencia de disturbios psíquicos menores en trabajadores de enfermería que trabajan en la pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos Estudio transversal multicéntrico, realizado en cuatro instituciones hospitalarias, en el estado de Rio Grande do Sul, con 845 trabajadores del área de enfermería. Se utilizó un formulario electrónico compuesto por cuestiones sociodemográficas, laborales, de condiciones de salud y por el Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20. Se aplicaron las pruebas de Mann-Whitney, Ji Cuadrado y de Regresión de Poisson expresada en la Razón de Prevalencia (IC 95 %). Resultados La prevalencia de disturbios psíquicos menores (49,3 %) estuvo asociada al aumento del consumo de alcohol (RP = 1,2; IC95 % = 1,1-1,4), a no practicar actividades físicas (RP = 1,5; IC95 % = 1,3-1,8), al comiendo del uso de medicación durante la pandemia (RP = 1,5; IC95 % = 1,3-1,7), a no tener un turno de trabajo fijo (RP = 1,4; IC95 % = 1,1-1,9) y a sentir miedo frente a la exposición al riesgo de contaminación (RP = 1,2; IC95 % = 1,1-1,3) Conclusión En la actual pandemia, los disturbios psíquicos menores demostraron estar asociados al consumo de bebida alcohólica, falta de actividad física, uso de medicamentos, turnos de trabajo y miedo a contaminarse.

Abstract Objective To analyze the factors associated with the presence of minor psychiatric disorders among nursing workers working in the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in four hospitals in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, with 845 nursing workers. An electronic form composed of sociodemographic, labor, health conditions and Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20 was used. Mann-Whitney, chi-square and Poisson Regression tests, expressed in Prevalence Ratio (95% CI), were applied. Results The prevalence of minor psychiatric disorders (49.3%) was associated with increased alcohol consumption (PR = 1.2; 95% CI = 1.1-1.4), not practicing physical activity (PR = 1.5; 95% CI = 1.3-1.8), starting the use of medication in the pandemic (PR = 1.5; 95% CI = 1.3-1.7), not having a fixed work shift (PR = 1.4; 95% CI = 1.1-1.9) and feeling afraid of exposure to the risk of contamination (PR = 1.2; 95% CI = 1.1-1.3) Conclusion In the current pandemic, minor psychiatric disorders are associated with alcohol consumption, lack of physical activity, use of medication, work shift and fear of contamination.

Professional nursing practice environment from students' perspective in COVID-19 / Ambiente de prática profissional em enfermagem na perspectiva de estudantes na COVID-19 / Ambiente de práctica profesional de enfermería por la perspectiva de estudiantes en el COVID-19

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar o ambiente da prática profissional em enfermagem na perspectiva de estudantes no contexto da pandemia da COVID-19. Métodos Estudo transversal, realizado com amostra por conveniência de 43 estudantes da última série do bacharelado em Enfermagem de uma universidade federal, localizada no município de São Paulo, SP, Brasil. Variáveis de caracterização: gênero, etnia, idade, local de estágio e um questionamento se já trabalharam e/ou realizam estágio extracurricular na área. Aplicou-se o Instrumento Practice Environment Scale - versão brasileira validada, composto de 24 itens e 5 subescalas. Os dados foram analisados com estatística descritiva e inferencial por meio dos testes: Kruskal Wallis, ANOVA, Tukey, t-student e Mann Whitney. Foi realizada a análise de regressão logística. Considerou-se como nível de significância de p<0,005. Resultados A Subescala 3 "adequação da equipe e de recursos" foi a única que apresentou média desfavorável (53,49%). A variável "ter trabalhado e/ou realizado estágio extracurricular" mostrou-se estatisticamente significante na Subescala 2 "habilidade, liderança e suporte dos coordenadores/supervisores de enfermagem aos enfermeiros/equipe de enfermagem" (p=0,003). Na média geral, os estudantes avaliaram o ambiente como favorável (p<0,001). Conclusão Apesar do contexto, a maioria dos estudantes avaliaram o ambiente como favorável. A variável "ter trabalhado e/ou realizado estágio extracurricular" foi estatisticamente significativa. A capacitação das lideranças, o fortalecimento de programas de educação continuada e o envolvimento dos enfermeiros nas atividades, resoluções de problemas e comissões internas da instituição, são considerados preâmbulos para ofertar uma assistência qualificada dentro de um ambiente de prática profissional próximo do favorável.

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar el ambiente de la práctica profesional de enfermería por la perspectiva de estudiantes en el contexto de la pandemia del COVID-19. Métodos Estudio transversal, realizado con muestra por conveniencia de 43 estudiantes del último año del grado de Enfermería de una universidad federal, ubicada en el municipio de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil. Variables de caracterización: género, etnia, edad, lugar de la pasantía y un interrogante sobre si ya trabajaron o realizan una pasantía extracurricular en el área. Se aplicó el Instrumento Practice Environment Scale - versión brasileña validada, compuesto por 24 ítems y 5 subescalas. Los datos fueron analizados con estadística descriptiva e inferencial por medio de las pruebas: Kruskal Wallis, ANOVA, Tukey, t-student y Mann Whitney. Se realizó el análisis de regresión logística. Se consideró un nivel de significación de p<0,005. Resultados La Subescala 3 "adecuación del equipo y de recursos" fue la única que presentó un promedio desfavorable (53,49 %). La variable "haber trabajado o realizado una pasantía extracurricular" se mostró estadísticamente significante en la Subescala 2 "habilidad, liderazgo y suporte de los coordinadores/supervisores de enfermería a los enfermeros/equipo de enfermería" (p=0,003). En el promedio general, los estudiantes evaluaron al ambiente como favorable (p<0,001). Conclusión Pese al contexto, la mayoría de los estudiantes evaluaron al ambiente como favorable. La variable "haber trabajado o realizado una pasantía extracurricular" fue estadísticamente significante. La capacitación de los liderazgos, el fortalecimiento de programas de educación continua y la participación de los enfermeros en las actividades, resoluciones de problemas y comisiones internas de la institución, son considerados preámbulos para brindar una asistencia calificada dentro de un ambiente de práctica profesional próxima a lo favorable.

Abstract Objective To assess the professional nursing practice environment from the perspective of students in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Cross-sectional study conducted with a convenience sample of 43 students attending the last grade of the Nursing Undergraduate course at a federal university located in the city of São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Characterization variables: sex, ethnicity, age, place of internship and a question on whether they have worked and/or did an extracurricular internship in the area. The Practice Environment Scale - Brazilian validated version, consisting of 24 items and five subscales, was applied. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with the following tests: Kruskal Wallis, ANOVA, Tukey, t-student and Mann Whitney. Logistic regression analysis was performed. A significance level of p<0.005 was considered. Results Subscale 3 "Staffing and resource adequacy" was the only one with an unfavorable mean (53.49%). The variable "having worked and/or done an extracurricular internship" was statistically significant in Subscale 2 "Nurse manager ability, leadership and support of nurses" (p=0.003). On overall mean, students rated the environment as favorable (p<0.001). Conclusion Despite the context, most students rated the environment as favorable. The variable "having worked and/or done an extracurricular internship" was statistically significant. The training of leaders, the strengthening of continuing education programs and involvement of nurses in activities, problem solving and internal committees of the institution are considered preambles to offer qualified care within a close to favorable environment of professional practice.

Depression and generalized anxiety disorder in older adults by the COVID-19 infodemic / Depressão e transtorno de ansiedade generalizada em idosos pela infodemia de COVID-19 / Depresión y trastorno de ansiedad generalizada en adultos mayores por la infodemia de COVID-19

Resumo Objetivo Analisar os impactos da infodemia de COVID-19 nos sintomas sugestivos de depressão e transtorno de ansiedade generalizada (TAG) em idosos que utilizam as mídias digitais. Método Dados coletados por web-based survey, de julho a dezembro de 2020, na população acima de 60 anos (n=103.636) residente no município de Juiz de Fora, interior de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foram analisadas variáveis sociodemográficas, de exposição a informações sobre COVID-19 e a associação a sintomas de depressão e TAG . Para o rastreio de depressão e de TAG foram utilizados a Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (EDG) e o Inventário de Ansiedade Geriátrica (GAI-BR), respectivamente. Para análise bivariada utilizou-se o teste do qui-quadrado e, posteriormente, a regressão de Poisson, controlada por possíveis fatores de confusão (RP ajustada) na análise múltipla, com intervalo de confiança de 95%. Resultados Dos 470 idosos respondentes, 26,1% apresentou sintomas de depressão e 18,4% TAG. Mostraram-se associados a sintomas de depressão: tempo de exposição nas redes sociais, sentir-se afetado pelas informações sobre COVID-19 veiculadas nas redes sociais e na televisão, e apresentar rastreio positivo para sofrimento psíquico causado e/ou agravado pela exposição às informações sobre COVID-19. Já para TAG, além do rastreio positivo para sofrimento psíquico, as variáveis que permaneceram associadas foram: respostas geradas pela divulgação de notícias falsas nas redes sociais e de medo relacionado à COVID-19 veiculadas no rádio. Conclusão Todas as variáveis associadas aos desfechos se referiam à exposição às informações sobre COVID-19, indicando o evidente impacto da infodemia nos sintomas de depressão e TAG em idosos.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar los impactos de la infodemia de COVID-19 en los síntomas sugestivos de depresión y trastorno de ansiedad generalizada (TAG) en adultos mayores que utilizan los medios digitales. Métodos Datos recopilados por web-based survey, de julio a diciembre de 2020, en la población de más de 60 años (n=103.636) domiciliados en el municipio de Juiz de Fora, interior de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Se analizaron variables sociodemográficas, de exposición a información sobre COVID-19 y su relación con síntomas de depresión y TAG. Para el rastreo de depresión y de TAG se utilizó la Escala de Depresión Geriátrica (EDG) y el Inventario de Ansiedad Geriátrica (GAI-BR), respectivamente. Para el análisis bivariado se utilizó la prueba de Ji cuadrado y, posteriormente, la regresión de Poisson, controlada por posibles factores de confusión (RP ajustada) en el análisis múltiple, con intervalo de confianza del 95 %. Resultados De los 470 adultos mayores que lo respondieron, el 26,1 % presentó síntomas de depresión y el 18,4 % TAG. Se mostraron asociados a síntomas de depresión los factores: tiempo de exposición en las redes sociales, sentirse afectado por la información sobre COVID-19 difundida en redes sociales y televisión, y presentar un rastreo positivo de sufrimiento psíquico causado o agravado por la exposición a la información sobre COVID-19. Por otro lado, las variables que permanecieron asociadas al TAG, además del rastreo positivo de sufrimiento psíquico, fueron: respuestas generadas por la divulgación de noticias falsas en las redes sociales y del miedo relacionado con el COVID-19 difundidas en la radio. Conclusión Todas las variables asociadas a los desenlaces mencionaron la exposición a información sobre COVID-19, lo que indica el evidente impacto de la infodemia en los síntomas de depresión y TAG en adultos mayores.

Abstract Objective To analyze the impacts of the COVID-19 infodemic on symptoms suggestive of depression and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in older adults who use digital media. Method Data collected by web-based survey, from July to December 2020, in the population over 60 years old (n=103,636) residing in the municipality of Juiz de Fora, in the countryside of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Sociodemographic variables, exposure to information about COVID-19 and the association with symptoms of depression and GAD were analyzed. The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI-BR) were used to screen for depression and GAD, respectively. For bivariate analysis, the chi-square test was used and, later, Poisson regression, controlled for possible confounding factors (adjusted PR) in the multiple analysis, with a 95% confidence interval. Results Of the 470 older adults who responded, 26.1% had symptoms of depression, and 18.4%, GAD. They were associated with symptoms of depression: time of exposure on social media; feeling affected by information about COVID-19 transmitted on social media and TV; and presenting positive screening for psychological distress caused and/or aggravated by exposure to information about COVID-19. For GAD, in addition to the positive screening for psychological distress, the variables that remained associated were: responses generated by dissemination of fake news on social media; and fear COVID-19-related fear published on the radio. Conclusion All variables associated with outcomes referred to exposure to information on COVID-19, indicating the evident infodemic impact on symptoms of depression and GAD in older adults.

Impact of COVID-19 on nursing work in emergency units / Impacto da COVID-19 no trabalho de enfermagem em unidades de urgência/emergência / Impacto del COVID-19 en el trabajo de enfermería en unidades de urgencia/emergencia

Resumo Objetivo Analisar o impacto da pandemia da Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) no trabalho de enfermagem em unidades de urgência e emergência. Métodos Pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa realizada entre profissionais de enfermagem atuantes em unidades de urgência e emergência no estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Dados coletados via online por meio de formulário semiestruturado e submetidos à análise lexicográfica no software Interface de R pour Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes Et de Questionnaires (IRAMUTEQ). Resultados Participaram 31 profissionais de enfermagem. O aproveitamento do corpus textual foi de 94,9% mediante a geração de seis classes de segmentos de textos, que possibilitou identificar que os profissionais que atuam nessas unidades têm vivenciado sobrecarga no desenvolver laboral, dada a carga horária de trabalho exaustiva, bem como a falta de infraestrutura, de equipamentos de proteção e de recursos humanos. Ainda, evidenciaram-se desgastes físicos e mentais, com ênfase para o estresse e a exaustão, além do sentimento de medo pelo receio de contaminação. Conclusão A pandemia da COVID-19 promoveu impactos diretos no trabalho de enfermagem em unidades de urgência e emergência no que tange a aspectos relacionados a recursos humanos e materiais e infraestrutura, além da assistência prestada aos pacientes em condições graves.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar el impacto de la pandemia de Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) en el trabajo de enfermería en unidades de urgencia y emergencia. Métodos Investigación de enfoque cualitativo realizada entre profesionales de enfermería que actúan en unidades de urgencia y emergencia en el estado de Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Datos recopilados en línea a través de formulario semiestructurado y presentados para análisis lexicográfico en el software Interface de R pour Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes Et de Questionnaires (IRAMUTEQ). Resultados Participaron 31 profesionales de enfermería. El aprovechamiento del corpus textual fue del 94,9 % mediante la producción de seis clases de segmentos de textos, lo que posibilitó identificar que los profesionales que actúan en esas unidades han vivido una sobrecarga en el quehacer laboral, considerando la duración de la jornada de trabajo agotadora, como también la ausencia de infraestructura, de equipos de protección y de recursos humanos. Además, se evidenciaron desgastes físicos y mentales, con énfasis en el estrés y el agotamiento, además del sentimiento de miedo por el temor a la contaminación. Conclusión La pandemia de COVID-19 ocasionó impactos directos en el trabajo de enfermería en unidades de urgencia y emergencia en lo que se refiere a aspectos relacionados con recursos humanos y materiales y con la infraestructura, además de la atención brindada a los pacientes en condiciones graves.

Abstract Objective To analyze the impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic (COVID-19) on nursing work in emergency units. Methods A qualitative research conducted among nursing professionals operating in emergency units in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Data collected online through a semi-structured form and submitted to lexicographic analysis in the software Interface de R pour Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes Et de Questionnaires (IRAMUTEQ). Results Thirty-one nursing professionals participated. The use of the text corpus accounted for 94.9%, through the generation of six classes of text segments, which made it possible to identify that professionals working in these units have experienced overload in developing work, given the exhausting workload, as well as the lack of infrastructure, protective equipment and human resources. Also, physical and mental exhaustion was evidenced, with emphasis on stress and exhaustion, in addition to the feeling of fear for fear of contamination. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic promoted direct impacts on nursing work in emergency units regarding aspects related to human and material resources and infrastructure, in addition to the care provided to patients in severe conditions.

Quality of life of nursing residents in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic: a descriptive study / Qualidade de vida de residentes de enfermagem em meio à pandemia COVID-19: estudo descritivo

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a qualidade de vida do residente de enfermagem em meio à pandemia da COVID-19. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal, descritivo, de abordagem quantitativa com 57 residentes de enfermagem no município do Rio de Janeiro, por meio de questionário contendo dados socioeconômicos e o World Health Organization Quality of Life, versão abreviada (WHOQOL-bref). RESULTADOS: Participantes consideram possuir uma Qualidade de Vida satisfatória (58,11), dado ratificado através da interpretação dos Domínios que apresentou um Score Geral de 53,46, onde o Domínio Físico foi o mais satisfatório (58,33) e o Meio Ambiente (48,63) o menos satisfatório. CONCLUSÃO: Os residentes apresentaram uma Qualidade de Vida Satisfatória, contudo percebeu-se que alterações nos padrões de sono/repouso podem estar ligados diretamente à diminuição da qualidade de vida dos residentes durante a pandemia.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the quality of life of nursing residents in the covid-19 pandemic. METHOD: Cross-sectional, descriptive, quantitative study with 57 nursing residents in the city of Rio de Janeiro, through a questionnaire containing socioeconomic data and the World Health Organization Quality of Life, abbreviated version (WHOQOL-BREF). RESULTS: Participants consider having a satisfactory Quality of Life (58.11), data ratified through the interpretation of the Domains that presented a General Score of 53.46, where the Physical Domain was the most satisfactory (58.33) and the Environment (48.63) the least satisfactory. CONCLUSION: Residents had a Satisfactory Quality of Life, however it was noticed that changes in sleep/ rest patterns may be directly linked to the decrease in Quality of Life of residents during the pandemic.

Challenges for exercising health advocacy to hospitalized children during the COVID-19 pandemic / Challenges for exercising health advocacy to hospitalized children during the COVID-19 pandemic / Desafios para o exercício da advocacia em saúde à criança hospitalizada durante a pandemia COVID-19 / Desafíos para el ejercicio de la defensa en salud de niños hospitalizados durante la pandemia de COVID-19

Resumo Objetivo Analisar os desafios para o exercício da advocacia em saúde à criança hospitalizada durante a pandemia COVID-19. Métodos Estudo qualitativo descritivo-exploratório on-line. Participaram 28 profissionais de enfermagem matriculados na disciplina Enfermagem na Atenção à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente em um Programa de pós-graduação de uma universidade federal do nordeste brasileiro. A coleta de dados ocorreu em junho de 2021 através de roda de conversa e entrevista coletiva. Como instrumentos utilizou-se: o formulário do google forms e roteiro semiestruturado. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Como método de análise, foi empregada a Análise Textual Discursiva (ATD). Para a organização dos dados, utilizou-se o software Atlas.ti 8.4.15 (Qualitative Research and Solutions). Resultados Emergiram duas categorias: 1) Impactos da pandemia para assistência e advocacia pediátrica, constatou-se o isolamento infantil e um cenário de atenção à saúde onde a criança foi colocada em segundo plano. 2) Barreiras existentes que se agravaram com a crise sanitária, identificou-se: sobrecarga de trabalho, precarização da estrutura e dificuldade nas condições de trabalho, que gerou violações nos direitos infantis e agravou o panorama de dificuldades na oferta de serviços pediátricos. Conclusão Os desafios para o exercício da advocacia em saúde à criança hospitalizada durante a pandemia, evidenciados pelos impactos e barreiras para a assistência, ampliaram o trabalho das equipes de saúde tornando o exercício da advocacia no cuidado pediátrico ainda mais dificultoso. Cabe repensar e ajustar políticas de acesso e atendimento após a pandemia para assegurar que o cuidado infantil não seja restringido.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar los desafíos para el ejercicio de la defensa en salud de niños hospitalizados durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos Estudio cualitativo descriptivo exploratorio en línea. Participaron 28 profesionales de enfermería inscriptos en la asignatura Enfermería en Atención a la Salud del Niño y del Adolescente en un programa de posgrado de una universidad nacional del nordeste brasileño. La recopilación de datos ocurrió en junio de 2021 a través de rondas de conversación y entrevista colectiva. Como instrumentos se utilizaron: un formulario de google forms y un guion semiestructurado. El estudio fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación. Como método de análisis, se utilizó el Análisis Textual Discursivo (ATD). Para la organización de los datos, se utilizó el software Atlas.ti 8.4.15 (Qualitative Research and Solutions). Resultados Surgieron dos categorías: 1) Impactos de la pandemia en la atención y en la defensa pediátrica, se verificó el aislamiento infantil y un escenario de atención en salud en la que el niño fue colocado en segundo plano. 2) Barreras existentes que se agravaron con la crisis sanitaria, se identificó: sobrecarga de trabajo, precarización de la estructura y dificultad en las condiciones de trabajo, lo que generó violaciones de los derechos infantiles y agravó el panorama de dificultades en la oferta de servicios pediátricos. Conclusión Los desafíos para el ejercicio de la defensa en salud de niños hospitalizados durante la pandemia, evidenciados por los impactos y barreras para la atención, ampliaron el trabajo de los equipos de salud, lo que dificultó aún más el ejercicio de la defensa del cuidado pediátrico. Cabe reflexionar y ajustar políticas de acceso y atención después de la pandemia para asegurar que no se restrinja el cuidado infantil.

Abstract Objective To analyze the challenges for exercising health advocacy to hospitalized children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This is an online descriptive-exploratory qualitative study. Participants were 28 nursing professionals enrolled in the subject Nursing in Health Care for Children and Adolescents in a graduate program at a federal university in northeastern Brazil. Data collection took place in June 2021 through a conversation wheel and press conference. As instruments, we used Google forms and a semi-structured script. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee. As an analysis method, Discursive Textual Analysis (DTA) was used. For data organization, Atlas.ti 8.4.15 software (Qualitative Research and Solutions) was used. Results Two categories emerged: 1) Impacts of the pandemic on pediatric care and advocacy: child isolation and a health care scenario where children were placed in the background were observed. 2) Existing barriers that worsened with the health crisis: work overload, precarious structure and difficulty in working conditions were identified, which led to violations of children's rights and aggravated the overview of difficulties in the provision of pediatric services. Conclusion The challenges for exercising health advocacy for hospitalized children during the pandemic, evidenced by the impacts and barriers to care, have expanded health teams' work, making the exercise of advocacy in pediatric care even more difficult. It is necessary to rethink and adjust access and care policies after the pandemic to ensure that child care is not restricted.

Coping with the COVID-19 pandemic addressed in Brazilian federal public universities / Enfrentamento da pandemia de COVID-19 retratado nas Universidades Públicas Federais do Brasil / Enfrentamiento de la pandemia de COVID-19 reflejado en las universidades públicas nacionales de Brasil

Resumo Objetivo O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar as medidas sanitárias adotadas pelas universidades públicas federais no contexto da pandemia da COVID-19. Métodos Trata-se de uma pesquisa quali-quantitativa, exploratória e descritiva feita por meio da análise documental dos protocolos, diretrizes, portarias e cartilhas confeccionadas no âmbito universitário federal do Brasil. Quanto aos critérios de inclusão foram o documento estar disponível no site de cada universidade federal no período da coleta e a livre consulta do acervo pela internet. O período de coleta foi de março de 2020 a novembro de 2021. Resultados Foram encontrados 51 documentos. As universidades do Nordeste e Sudeste foram responsáveis por 46,4% das publicações totais das universidades federais do Brasil. Conclusão Diante das medidas adotadas pelas Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior, foi perceptível a congruência em tentar estabelecer rotinas e procedimentos padronizados que fossem capazes de controlar e minimizar a disseminação da COVID-19 dentro da universidade.

Resumen Objetivo El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar las medidas sanitarias adoptadas por las universidades públicas nacionales en el contexto de la pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos Se trata de un estudio cuali-cuantitativo, exploratorio y descriptivo, realizado mediante el análisis documental de los protocolos, directrices, resoluciones y cartillas confeccionadas en el contexto universitario nacional de Brasil. Los criterios de inclusión fueron la disponibilidad del documento en el sitio web de cada universidad nacional en el período de la recopilación y la libre consulta del acervo por internet. El período de recopilación fue de marzo de 2020 a noviembre de 2021. Resultados Se encontraron 51 documentos. Las universidades del nordeste y del sudeste fueron responsables por el 46,4 % de las publicaciones totales de las universidades nacionales de Brasil. Conclusión Ante las medidas adoptadas por las instituciones nacionales de educación superior, se percibió congruencia para intentar establecer rutinas y procedimientos estandarizados que fueran capaces de controlar y minimizar la diseminación de COVID-19 dentro de la universidad.

Abstract Objective The present study aimed to identify the health measures adopted by federal public universities in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This is a qualitative-quantitative, exploratory and descriptive research carried out through documental analysis of protocols, guidelines, ordinances and booklets made in the federal university scope of Brazil. As for the inclusion criteria, documents must be available on the website of each federal university during the collection period and free consultation of the collection on the internet. The collection period was from March 2020 to November 2021. Results We found 51 documents. Northeastern and southeastern universities were responsible for 46.4% of the total publications of federal universities in Brazil. Conclusion Considering the measures adopted by Higher Education Federal Institutions, the congruence in trying to establish standardized routines and procedures that were able to manage and minimize the spread of COVID-19 within the university was noticeable.

COVID-19 and the repercussions on pregnant women's mental health: integrative review / COVID-19 e as repercussões na saúde mental de gestantes: revisão integrativa / COVID-19 y las repercusiones en la salud mental de mujeres embarazadas: revisión integradora

Resumo Objetivo Identificar, a partir das evidências presentes na literatura, os impactos da COVID-19 na saúde mental de mulheres grávidas. Métodos Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada nas bases de dados/biblioteca eletrônica MEDLINE, CINAHL, PUBCOVID19 e MEDRXIV. A busca aconteceu de forma pareada no mês de dezembro de 2020, com artigos disponíveis na íntegra abordando a saúde mental das grávidas na pandemia. Resultados Os estudos que compuseram a amostra foram publicados entre os meses de abril e dezembro de 2020 e nos 10 estudos incluídos, a depressão e a ansiedade são apontados como fatores impactantes na saúde das gestantes, tendo como elementos contribuintes o medo da COVID-19, estresse e preocupações associadas à pandemia. Conclusão Houve impacto na saúde mental das gestantes na pandemia com repercussões de ordem psicossocial, socioeconômica e de assistência à saúde. Nesse contexto, a abordagem do componente psicológico na consulta de enfermagem pode fazer a diferença na atenção à gestação.

Resumen Objetivo Identificar, a partir de evidencias presentes en la literatura, los impactos del COVID-19 en la salud mental de mujeres embarazadas. Métodos Se trata de una revisión integradora de la literatura, realizada en las bases de datos/biblioteca electrónica MEDLINE, CINAHL, PUBCOVID19 y MEDRXIV. La búsqueda se realizó de forma pareada en el mes de diciembre de 2020, con artículos con texto completo disponible que abordaban la salud mental de embarazadas en la pandemia. Resultados Los estudios que formaron la muestra fueron publicados entre los meses de abril y diciembre de 2020. En los diez estudios incluidos, la depresión y la ansiedad son señaladas como factores impactantes en la salud de las mujeres embarazadas, donde los elementos contribuyentes son el miedo al COVID-19, el estrés y las preocupaciones relacionadas con la pandemia. Conclusión Hubo impacto en la salud mental de las mujeres embarazadas en la pandemia, con repercusiones de orden psicosocial, socioeconómica y de atención a la salud. En este contexto, el enfoque del componente psicológico en la consulta de enfermería puede marcar una diferencia en la atención al embarazo.

Abstract Objective To identify the impacts of COVID-19 on pregnant women's mental health from evidence in the literature. Methods This is an integrative literature review performed in MEDLINE, CINAHL, PUBCOVID19 and MEDRXIV databases/electronic libraries. The search took place in pairs in December 2020, with articles available in full addressing pregnant women's mental health in the pandemic. Results The studies that made up the sample were published between April and December 2020 and in the ten studies included, depression and anxiety were identified as factors exerting impact on pregnant women's health, and the fear of COVID-19, stress and worries associated with the pandemic as contributing elements. Conclusion There was an impact on pregnant women's mental health in the pandemic with psychosocial, socioeconomic and health care repercussions. In this context, the approach to the psychological component in the nursing consultation can make a difference in pregnancy care.

NANDA-I® nursing diagnoses in adult critical patients with COVID-19 / Diagnósticos de enfermagem da NANDA-I® em pacientes críticos adultos portadores de COVID-19 / Diagnósticos en enfermería de NANDA-I® en pacientes críticos adultos con COVID-19

Resumo Objetivo Identificar possíveis diagnósticos de enfermagem conforme a classificação da NANDA-International presentes em pacientes críticos adultos portadores de COVID-19 a partir de pistas diagnósticas descritas pela literatura científica. Métodos Estudo descritivo, desenvolvido em três etapas: revisão de literatura e agrupamento das pistas diagnósticas identificadas de acordo com as Necessidades Humanas Básicas; levantamento dos diagnósticos de enfermagem da NANDA-International a partir da correspondência entre as pistas diagnósticas descritas pela literatura com o título e indicadores diagnósticos; validação da correspondência diagnóstica por enfermeiros peritos. Foi utilizado o índice de concordância ≥ 0,80. Resultados A partir da leitura de 20 estudos, elegeram-se 51 pistas diagnósticas que foram agrupadas em 11 Necessidades Humanas Básicas Psicobiológicas. Após três rodadas de análise pelos peritos, identificou-se correspondência das 51 pistas diagnósticas com 26 títulos diagnósticos de enfermagem da NANDA-International. Os domínios dessa classificação com maior número de diagnósticos foram: atividade/repouso (n=9); segurança/proteção (n=7) e nutrição (n=4). Ressalta-se que 45,1% das pistas diagnósticas apresentaram correspondência com mais de um título diagnóstico. Além disso, a maioria dos diagnósticos de enfermagem (60,0%) refere-se a problemas reais e 40,0% a problemas potenciais. Conclusão Os resultados obtidos permitiram a identificação de pistas diagnósticas presentes em pacientes críticos adultos portadores de COVID-19 e verificar sua equivalência com 26 títulos diagnósticos da NANDA-International.

Resumen Objetivo Identificar posibles diagnósticos en enfermería según la clasificación de NANDA-International presentes en pacientes críticos adultos con COVID-19 a partir de pistas diagnósticas que se describen en la literatura científica. Métodos Estudio descriptivo, desarrollado en tres etapas: revisión de literatura y agrupación de las pistas diagnósticas identificadas de acuerdo con las Necesidades Humanas Básicas; recopilación de los diagnósticos de enfermería de NANDA-International a partir de la correspondencia entre las pistas diagnósticas que se describen en la literatura con el título e indicadores diagnósticos; validación de la correspondencia diagnóstica por enfermeros expertos. Se utilizó el índice de coincidencia ≥ 0,80. Resultados A partir de la lectura de 20 estudios, se eligieron 51 pistas diagnósticas que se agruparon en 11 Necesidades Humanas Básicas Psicobiológicas. Después de tres rondas de análisis de los expertos se identificó la correspondencia de las 51 pistas diagnósticas con 26 títulos diagnósticos de enfermería de NANDA-International. Los dominios de esa clasificación con un mayor número de diagnósticos fueron: actividad/reposo (n=9); seguridad/protección (n=7) y nutrición (n=4). Se destaca que 45,1 % de las pistas diagnósticas presentaron correspondencia con más de un título diagnóstico. Además, la mayoría de los diagnósticos de enfermería (60,0 %) se refiere a problemas reales y el 40,0 % a problemas potenciales. Conclusión Los resultados alcanzados permitieron la identificación de pistas diagnósticas presentes en pacientes críticos adultos con COVID-19 y verificar su equivalencia con 26 títulos diagnósticos de NANDA-International.

Abstract Objective To identify possible nursing diagnoses according to the NANDA-International classification present in critically ill adult patients with COVID-19 based on diagnostic clues described in the scientific literature. Method This is a descriptive study, developed in three stages: literature review and grouping of diagnostic clues identified according to Basic Human Needs; survey of NANDA-International nursing diagnoses based on the correspondence between diagnostic clues described in the literature with title and diagnostic indicators; validation of diagnostic correspondence by expert nurses. An agreement index ≥ 0.80 was used. Results From the reading of 20 studies, 51 diagnostic clues were selected and grouped into 11 Psychobiological Basic Human Needs. After three rounds of analysis by the experts, a correspondence of 51 diagnostic clues with 26 NANDA-International nursing diagnosis titles was identified. The domains of this classification with the highest number of diagnoses were: activity/rest (n=9); safety/protection (n=7) and nutrition (n=4). It is noteworthy that 45.1% of the diagnostic clues corresponded to more than one diagnostic title. Moreover, most nursing diagnoses (60.0%) refer to real problems and 40.0% to potential problems. Conclusion The results obtained allowed the identification of diagnostic clues present in critically ill adult patients with COVID-19 and to verify their equivalence with 26 diagnostic titles from NANDA-International.

Evaluation of Maternal Fetal Outcomes of Pregnant Women and Mothers with Suspected Infection by SARS-CoV-2 Treated at the Municipal Hospital of São Bernardo do Campo (HMU-SBC), Brazil.

OBJECTIVES: The impact of Covid-19 infection on pregnancy and perinatal outcomes is not fully known. To describe the risk factors and perinatal outcome of pregnant women with suspected COVID-19 infection. METHODS: We evaluated medical records of women with suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection who received health care services at the University Hospital of São Bernardo do Campo from March 1 to July 31, 2020, and personal, clinical, and laboratory data of these women and their newborns. RESULTS: Of the 219 women identified, 29% were asymptomatic. Considering the total population, 26% and 17% had obesity and hypertensive syndrome, respectively. Fever measured in the emergency room was the main reason for hospitalization. The presence or not of flu-like symptoms did not impact on perinatal outcomes. Pregnant women requiring hospitalization had newborns with lower birth weight (p < 0.01), shorter length (p = 0.02), and smaller head circumference (p = 0.03), and, in these cases, a higher number of cesarean section deliveries was observed. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 infection did not affect the prognosis of pregnancy and newborns. However, the worst clinical outcome, requiring hospitalization, had an impact on the anthropometric measurements of newborns.

What is already known on this subject?The SARS-CoV-2 infection is not fully undestood, specially during pregnancy and puerperae. There are conflicted information about this in the literature so far. However, it is known that respiratory infections such as influenza and SARS can develop unfavorably in pregnant women, since pregnancy changes the women's physiological condition, including altered immunity to tolerate placenta and fetus proper development.What this study adds?COVID-19 did not affect the prognosis of pregnancy and newborns in this study, but, the worst clinical outcome (hospitalization), impacted the anthropometric measurements of newborns.

Understanding advance care planning in care homes throughout the COVID-19 pandemic: A critical realist review and synthesis.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted advance care planning discussions in care homes, particularly discussions involving relatives and surrogate decision makers. There is a need to collate and examine current evidence to assess the extent of the problem. AIM: To examine the processes and experiences involved in advance care planning in care homes throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN: A critical realist review and synthesis. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, psycINFO, SCOPUS and CINAHL were searched between December 2019 and May 2022. RESULTS: Eleven studies were included. Communication difficulties associated with remote technologies meant that care home staff's concerns about engaging effectively with relatives further exacerbated the emotional toll of dealing with high death rates in circumstances where staff shortages stretched the capacity of those remaining to provide timely advance care planning discussions. The threat of the pandemic tended to encourage earlier and more frequent advance care planning discussions, though this tendency was partially countervailed by the difficulties that some residents and relatives had in engaging with remote communication modes. There was evidence that education and training in advance care planning increased staff's confidence and readiness to engage in care planning during pandemic conditions. CONCLUSION: Results highlight part of the new context facing staff, relatives and residents in care homes, thus providing valuable insight for future intervention development required to maintain and improve the effectiveness of advance care planning in care homes during and beyond the pandemic.

[Perceptions of resident physicians on the development of the cardiology resident program during the COVID-19 pandemic in Lima, Peru]. / Percepciones de los médicos residentes sobre el desarrollo del programa de residentado de cardiología durante la pandemia por COVID-19 en Lima, Perú.

Objective: To describe the perceptions of resident doctors about the development of their training program during the pandemic in the city of Lima - Peru. Materials and methods: Through a cross-sectional study, a questionnaire was applied to seventy-eight cardiology residents in the last two years of training in the specialty. The perceptions about the accompaniment and support of the universities in the educational venues, for the development of the training program in cardiology during the pandemic, were evaluated. Results: Regarding the support provided for their training, the items evaluated showed shortcomings above 60%, where permanent supervision was lacking in 90.0% of the residents. Regarding compliance with the rotations, the residents only received supervision in 24.4%, observing that they did not manage to carry out adequate rotations in 80.8% of the cases. The courses of the curricular plan were adequately developed in 92.5% of the cases, and the actions for the health of the resident were very low, highlighting that only in 9.0% of the cases did the university inquire about the state of health of the resident. Conclusions: The development of the cardiology residency training program during the pandemic presented important shortcomings, showing that the deficiencies were accentuated compared to previous studies.

Latin American scientific production on nanotechnology-based products to fight COVID-19: a scoping review

Introduction: Scientific production has experienced an unprecedented increase with the COVID-19 pandemic in a short period of time. Objective: To identify and characterize the Latin American scientific production on nanotechnology-based products with potential applications in the areas of diagnosis, vaccine, pharmacological treatment, theranostics and non-pharmacological intervention to fight COVID-19. Method: A scoping review was conducted based on the framework of Arksey and O'Malley and sought to incorporate recommendations from the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer's Manual and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The bibliographic search took place in PubMed, Science Direct, LILACS and SciELO. Studies that reported nanotechnology-based products with potential applications in the areas of interest referenced previously were included. A simple quantitative analysis was conducted to provide numerical summaries of characteristics of interest from the studies added to the review. Results: 26 (3.4%) articles published in 14 international and regional journals were included. Authors from five countries (Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Ecuador, and Mexico) were responsible for the total number of articles that made up the review. The production of 6 (23.1%) articles included international collaboration, involving institutions from 10 countries. The median time from submission to publication of articles was 126 days (interquartile range: 58-200). Most of the Latin American scientific production consisted of narrative reviews (n = 19;73.1%). The five areas defined as of interest for this study were addressed by one of the scientific articles, especially the products intended for pharmacological treatment of COVID-19 (n = 14;53.8%). Conclusions: This is the first scoping review to provide a map of Latin American scientific production on nanotechnology-based products with potential applications in areas of interest to fight COVID-19. There are deficiencies related to the publication of basic research, representativeness of Latin American countries in the region, studies with greater strength of evidence and to international collaboration to produce scientific articles that merit to be reduced.